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(Editorial) Birds as Pathology-Free Models of Type II Diabetes

发布时间：2017-05-10

Dongming Li*

Austin Endocrinology and Diabetes Case Reports

2017; 2(1): 1007.

Introduction

In mammals, chronically elevated concentrations of blood glucose (chronic hyperglycemia) and decreased insulin levels can ultimately lead to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications. In contrast, birds have significantly higher blood glucose concentrations than mammals of similar body mass (1.5~2 times) and yet are able to resist the regulation of glucose by insulin without any adverse effects [1]. Most avian species for which the relevant data are available appear to possess specialized mechanisms to enhance fatty acid transport and oxidation during flight [2,3]. These are similar to the way energy is utilized by diabetic humans who are unable to efficiently increase glucose utilization and consequently rely more on fatty acid oxidation when carbohydrates are plentiful [4]. To the best of our knowledge, the underlying mechanism regulating glucose and lipid hemostasis in birds has yet to be clarified. Several aspects of glucose regulation in birds are, however, worth highlighting, and may contribute to better understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of T2DM, and its associated complications, in humans.

链接：//online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/rej.2014.1561